Glossary 4-HNE 4-Hydroxynonenal ACSL4 Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long-Chain Family Member 4 ATP Adenosine Triphosphate BALF Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid BMSC Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell cAMP Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease CS Cigarette Smoke DAMPs Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns DRP1 Dynamin-Related Protein 1;EMT, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ER Endoplasmic Reticulum ETC Electron Transport Chain FPN/SLC40A1 Ferroportin FSP1 Ferroptosis Suppressor Protein 1 FTH1 Ferritin Heavy Chain 1 FTL Ferritin Light Chain GPX4 Glutathione Peroxidase 4 GSH Glutathione HMGB1 High Mobility Group Box 1 HO-1 Heme Oxygenase-1 IFN- Interferon-gamma IL Interleukin IRP1/2 Iron-Responsive Element-Binding Protein 1/2 ISC Iron-Sulfur Cluster LABA Long-Acting Beta2-Agonist LAMA Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist LDs Lipid Droplets lncRNA Long Non-coding RNA LOX Lipoxygenase LPCAT3 Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3 LPS Lipopolysaccharide MAPK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase MDA Malondialdehyde NETs Neutrophil Extracellular Traps NF-B Nuclear Factor Kappa B NLRP3 NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 NOX4 NADPH Oxidase 4 Nrf2 Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 NCOA4 Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 4 PBMCs Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells PD-1 Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 PD-L1 Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 PDE4 Phosphodiesterase 4 PPAR Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma PUFAs Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ROS Reactive Oxygen Species SLC3A2 Solute Carrier Family 3 Member 2 SLC7A11 Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 11 System Xc Cystine/Glutamate Antiporter System TGF- Transforming Growth Factor Beta Th17 T Helper 17 Cell TIM-3 T cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin domain-containing protein 3 TfR1 Transferrin Receptor 1 TLR4 Toll-Like Receptor 4 Tregs Regulatory T Cells UPR Unfolded Protein Response
At 10 mg (100 units at 10 mg/mL or 50 units at 20 mg/mL): This is where the majority of weight loss occurs
The || cutoff was used to prioritize changes more likely to be biologically meaningful and is commonly adopted in array-based methylation studies
Statements Author contributions EJ conducted the literature search, summarized these data, and drafted the review
In comparison, supplemental doses may seem really high, but thats because your body only absorbs about one to two percent of Vitamin B12 from supplements
Mitochondrial genome transfer drives metabolic reprogramming in adjacent colonic epithelial cells promoting TGF1-mediated tumor progression
