Lancet 390:26732734
Notably, LMF-induced calcium influx through voltage-gated channels may act as a trigger for EV biogenesis and cargo sorting, as calcium signaling is known to regulate vesicle trafficking and the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation [59-61] [Figure 1]
29,30 In 1985, oxidative stress was defined as a cellular imbalance between oxidants and reductants, leading to the differentiation of eustress and distress to describe oxidative stress states under physiological and pathological conditions, thereby advancing our understanding of oxidative stress in human diseases
Symptoms can overlap between conditions, so accurate diagnosis is essential to identify the underlying cause and guide appropriate treatment
The concept of antioxidant capacity initially emerged in chemistry and was later applied to fields such as biology, medicine, epidemiology, and nutrition (Floegel et al
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31711-1 Langan RC, Gotsch PB, Krafczyk MA, Skillinge DD